The Prohibited List defines the substances and methods banned in-competition, at all times (i.e., both in- and out-of-competition), and in specific sports. Substances and methods are grouped by category (e.g., anabolic agents, stimulants, masking agents). This List is reviewed and updated annually through a detailed consultation process led by WADA.
Each athlete is personally responsible for ensuring that no prohibited substance enters their body and that no prohibited method is used.
The List includes only the generic names of pharmaceutical substances. It does not provide brand names, as these vary across countries. Before using any medication, athletes must confirm with their prescribing doctor that it does not include any banned substance.
Key precautions include:
• Verify that the International Non-Proprietary Name (INN) or generic name of any active ingredient is not listed as prohibited (either in-competition only or at all times).
• Ensure that no ingredient belongs to a broader class that is banned. Many sections of the List only provide examples, while substances with similar chemical structures or biological effects are also prohibited.
• Intravenous infusions or injections greater than 50mL within a 6-hour period are banned, regardless of the substance used.
• Since 1 January 2022, injectable glucocorticoids are prohibited during the in-competition period. Oral use remains banned in-competition, while other routes are allowed if used within licensed therapeutic doses.
• From 1 January 2024, tramadol, a narcotic analgesic, is banned in-competition.
In case of any uncertainty, athletes should consult their International Federation (IF) or National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO).
Athletes may only use a prohibited substance for medical reasons if they hold a valid Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) granted or recognized by their IF or NADO. More on TUEs here.